Stress is a major factor in the development of gum disease, which can lead to a serious oral health condition known as periodontitis. Although the direct link between periodontal disease and stress has yet to be definitively established, research has shown that psychological stress and hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can increase the risk of chronic periodontitis. Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) is the most studied periodontal disorder in relation to psychosocial predisposing factors. A cross-sectional study conducted by the Department of Periodontics at the Nellore Narayana School of Dentistry and Hospital found that people with higher levels of stress were more likely to have a probing depth ≥ 4 mm and a CAL ≥ 3 mm at the same site, in at least four teeth, indicating chronic localized periodontitis.
Negative life experiences, such as depression, can also contribute to increased susceptibility to periodontal disease. Stress can modulate the host response to bacteria and influence the course and progression of periodontal disease. Therefore, it is important to address psychological stress before and during treatment in order to reduce the risk of periodontal disease. The effects of psychological stress and salivary cortisol on chronic periodontitis are still being studied, but it is clear that stress can have a significant impact on periodontal health.
It is important for individuals to be aware of the risks associated with stress and take steps to reduce their stress levels in order to maintain good oral health.
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